Death Note was first serialized in 108 chapters by Shueisha in the Japanese manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 2003 to May 2006. The series was also published in tankōbon format in Japan starting in May 2004 and ending in October 2006 with a total of twelve volumes. The series was adapted into live-action films released in Japan on June 17, 2006, on November 3, 2006, and on February 2, 2008. The anime series aired in Japan from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. Composed of 37 episodes, the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki. A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was released in Japan. Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for Nintendo DS.

Viz Media licensed the Death Note manga in North America and has published all the twelve volumes from the series as well as the light novel. The episodes from the anime first appeared in North America as downloadable by IGN. Viz later licensed the anime series and it aired on Bionix. The live-actions briefly played in certain North American theaters since 2008. However, none of the video games titles have thus far been published in North America.

Several publications for manga, anime and other media have added praise and criticism on the Death Note series. The plot and violence from the story have been praised, noting it to be very entertaining. However, the series was banned in China due to various problems people had with children altering their notebooks to resemble the Death Note.

Plot

Light Yagami is an extremely intelligent young man who resents what appears to be a relentless increase of crime and corruption in the world around him. His life undergoes a drastic change when he discovers a mysterious notebook, known as the “Death Note,” lying on the ground. The Death Note’s instructions claim that if a human’s name is written within it, that person shall die. Light is initially skeptical of the notebook’s authenticity, but after experimenting with it, he realizes that the Death Note is real. After meeting with the previous owner of the Death Note, a shinigami named Ryuk, Light seeks to become “the God of the New World” by passing his keen judgment on those he deems to be evil or who get in his way.

Soon, the number of inexplicable deaths of reported criminals catches the attention of the International Police Organization and a mysterious detective known only as “L“. L quickly learns that the serial killer, dubbed by the public as “Kira” (キラ^?, derived from the typical Japanese pronunciation of the English word “killer“), is located in Japan. He also concludes that Kira can kill people without laying a finger on them. Light realizes that L will be his greatest nemesis, and a game of psychological cat and mouse between the two begins.

Misa Amane, another Death Note owner, finds Light. Obsessed by Kira after the death of her parents’ murderer, she devotes herself to helping Light, but is captured by L. Light makes a plan involving renouncing ownership of both Death Notes, and all of his memories of them, and turns himself in to L for surveillance. Together, Light and L investigate eight people from the company “Yotsuba” who are using Light’s Death Note for their own profit. While arresting them, Light recovers all his memories when he touches the Death Note. He remembers and continues his plan of compelling the former owner of Misa’s Death Note, the shinigami Rem, into killing L and his aide Watari.

After L’s death, Light is given the position of the “new L” by the Japanese Task Force. Four years later, Near and Mello – two children who were raised to be successors to L – appear, with the goal of finding Kira. In the meantime, Kira has gained much public support, and has contacts. Mello, one of L’s successors, kidnaps the Sayu Yagami, Light’s little sister as a bargaining chip to get the Death Note. The Japanese Task Force plan to go to Los Angeles to rescue Sayu but end up losing the Notebook. The task force later attempts to retrieve it and succeeds in doing so; but, as a result of an explosive that Mello uses to cover his escape, Soichiro Yagami, Light’s father, dies.

Near begins to suspect the second L of being Kira thus causing some members of the Japanese task force to also openly suspect him. Realizing the risk of being caught, Light has Misa give up ownership of her Death Note. He then finds his next successor, Teru Mikami, a strong, almost crazed Kira supporter. Mikami later recruits a new spokesman for Kira, Kiyomi Takada, a newscaster and one of Light’s former college girlfriends. Teru Mikami and Kiyomi Takada continue killing criminals while Light is unable to do so himself. Kiyomi is later kidnapped by Mello and is forced to kill him with a hidden piece of the Death Note. Light kills Kiyomi to avoid her implicating him after she uses the note to kill Mello. In a final confrontation between Light and Near, the latter reveals that the former is Kira. Light’s name is then written in a Death Note by the Ryuk, as he stated he would at the beginning of the series. Light suffers a heart attack and dies.

Production

The Death Note concept did not derive from any single source but rather a general concept involving Shinigami and “specific rules.”^[1] Tsugumi Ohba wanted to create a suspense series because he did not feel that he could have created a fight-style series and that the genre had few suspense series. After publication of the pilot chapter the series was not expected to be approved as a serialized comic by the author who did not consider it to “fit with Jump.” Ohba said that when he learned that Death Note received approval and that Takeshi Obata would create the artwork he “couldn’t even believe it.”^[2] Due to positive reactions to the series Death Note became a serialized manga series.^[3]

“Thumbnails” were created incorporating dialog, panel layout, and basic drawings, and were sent to the illustrator. The editor reviewed the thumbnails and sent them to back to the illustrator (Obata) with the script set in stone and the panel layout “mostly done.” Obata then determined the expressions and “camera angles” and created the final artwork. Ohba concentrated on the tempo and the amount of dialogue, making sure that the text was as concise as possible. Ohba commented that he believed “reading too much exposition” would be tiring and would negatively affect the atmosphere and “air of suspense.” Significant artistic license was given to the illustrator who worked on basic descriptions, such as “abandoned building”,^[4] and this extended to the design of the Death Notes with Obata possessing free rein. Obata originally thought of the books as “‘Bible-like’…something you would automatically think was a Death Note.” He also felt this design would seem “difficult to use” and instead opted for an easy-to-use college notebook. At a later point the concept of Death Notes looking different from one another, depending on the human era (such as Death Notes in ancient Japan looking like scrolls and Death Notes in medieval Europe looking like The Old Testament) was conceived.^[5]

When Ohba decided on the plot he internally visualized the panels while being on his bed, drinking tea, or walking around his house, needing to feel relaxed while visualizing the panels. On many occasions the original draft was too long and needed to be refined various times before the desired “tempo” and “flow” for the chapter was finalised. The writer remarked on his preference for reading the previous “two or four” chapters carefully to ensure consistency in the story.^[1]

The typical weekly production schedule consisted of five days for creating and thinking and one day using pencil to insert dialogue into rough drafts; after this point the writer faxed any initial drafts to the editor. The illustrator’s weekly production schedule involved one day with the thumbnails, layout, and pencils and one day with additional penciling and inking. Obata’s assistants usually worked for four days and Obata spent one day to finish it. Obata said that sometimes he took a few extra days to color pages and that this “messed with the schedule.” In contrast, the writer took three or four days to create a chapter on some occasions, while on others he took a month. Obata said that his schedule remained consistent except when he had to create color pages.^[6]

Ohba and Obata rarely met in person during the creation of the serialized manga; instead the two met with the editor. The first time they met in person was at an editorial party in January 2004. Obata said that, despite the intrigue, he did not ask his editor about Ohba’s plot developments as he anticipated the new thumbnails every week.^[2] The two did not discuss the final chapters with one another and they continued to talk with the editor. Ohba said that when he asked the editor if Obata had “said anything” about the story and plot the editor responded ‘”No, nothing” [laughs].’^[4]

Ohba claims that the series ended more or less in the manner that he intended for it to end; he considered the idea of L defeating Light Yagami with Light dying but instead chose to use the “Yellow Box warehouse” ending. According to Ohba the details had been set “from the beginning.”^[3] The writer wanted an ongoing plot line instead of an episodic series because Death Note was serialized and its focus was intended to be on a cast with a series of events triggered by the Death Note.^[7] 13: How to Read states that the humorous aspects of Death Note originated from Ohba’s “enjoyment of humorous stories.”^[8]

Ohba said that he did not have a theme that he wished to express throughout the series but that, had he been required to choose one, it would be that “Humans will all eventually die and never come back to life, so let’s give it our all while we’re alive.” He said that he did not intend for Death Note to push an ideology or make a statement about good and evil, and that Near’s statement in Volume 12 about deciding right and wrong is closest to his own personal belief. Ohba also remarked that he understands how debate can form from the story; the answers to the questions raised become “ideological” and he believed this development would be “dangerous” and not “interesting in a manga.” This aspect was ultimately omitted from Death Note.^[9]

When the writer was asked, during an interview, whether the series was meant to be about enjoying the plot twists and psychological warfare, Ohba responded by saying that this concept was the reason why he was “very happy” to place the story in Weekly Shōnen Jump. He said that because Death Note is aimed at “the young” the reader can “push back ideology” and focus on “pure entertainment.” He also said that if the series was aimed at an older audience he would expect “more debate over the issues” and therefore believed the story would have had to develop in that direction.^[9] Death Note 13: How to Read states that debate about good and evil “sometimes” appears in the series and that the “answer” to the debate is left for the reader to decide.^[10]

Ohba was also asked what he considered the most important thing in Death Note, and he responded by saying, “the human whose name is written in this note shall die”; in contrast, Obata responded to the same question by answering “impossible to say.”^[6]

Pilot chapter

The Death Note process began when Ohba brought thumbnails for two concept ideas to Shueisha; Ohba said that the Death Note pilot, one of the concepts, was “received well” by editors and attained positive reactions by readers.^[3] Ohba described keeping the story of the pilot to one chapter as “very difficult” and he said that he remembered it took over a month to begin writing the chapter. He added that the story had to revive the killed characters with the Death Eraser and that he “didn’t really care” for that plot device.^[11]

Obata said that he wanted to draw the story after he heard of a “horror story featuring Shinigami.”^[2] According to Obata, when he first received the rough draft created by Ohba, he “didn’t really get it” at first and he wanted to work on the project due to the presence of Shinigami and because the work “was dark.”^[11] He also said he wondered about the progression of the plot as he read the thumbnails, and if Jump readers would enjoy reading the comic. Obata said that while there is little action and the main character “doesn’t really drive the plot” he enjoyed the atmosphere of the story. He stated that he drew the pilot chapter so that it would appeal to himself.^[11]

Ohba brought the rough draft of the pilot chapter to the editorial department. Obata came into the picture at a later point to create the artwork. They did not meet in person while creating the pilot chapter. Ohba said that the editor told him he did not need to meet with Obata to discuss the pilot; Ohba said “I think it worked out all right.”^[2]

Adaptation

Tetsuro Araki, the director, said that he wished to convey aspects that “made the series interesting” instead of simply “focusing on morals or the concept of justice.” Toshiki Inoue, the series organizer, agreed with Araki and added that, in anime adaptations, there is a lot of importance in highlighting the aspects that are “interesting in the original.” He concluded that Light’s presence was “the most compelling” aspect; therefore the adaptation chronicles Light’s “thoughts and actions as much as possible.” Inoue noted that, to best incorporate the manga’s plot into the anime, he “tweak[ed] the chronology a bit” and incorporated flashbacks that appear after the openings of the episodes; he said this revealed the desired tensions. Araki said that, because in an anime the viewer cannot “turn back pages” in the manner that a comic reader can, the anime staff ensured that the show clarified details. Inoue added that the staff did not want to get involved with every single detail, so the staff selected elements to emphasize. Due to the complexity of the original manga, he described the process as “definitely delicate and a great challenge.” Inoue admitted that he placed more instructions and notes in the script than usual. Araki added that because of the importance of otherwise trivial details, the notes became crucial to the development of the series.^[12]

Araki said that when he discovered the Death Note anime project, he “literally begged” to join the production team; when he joined he insisted that Inoue should write the scripts. Inoue added that, because he enjoyed reading the original comic, he wished to use his effort.^[12]

Bagian-bagian Domain :
www = Kode jaringan global Internet
namasitus = Nama pemilik situs
com = Kode akhiran yang menerangkan situs

Ada beberapa macam akhiran (TLD) yang biasa digunakan dalam domain, antara lain:
.com = situs komersial global
.net = situs layanan Internet global
.edu = situs pendidikan
.gov = situs pemerintahan
.mil = situs militer
.org = situs organisasi
.tv = situs penyiaran
.co.id = situs komersial dari Indonesia
.ac.id = situs pendidikan dari Indonesia
.or.id = situs organisasi dari Indonesia
.co.uk = situs komersial dari Inggris

URL( Uniform Resource Locator )
URL, merupakan metode penamaan situs di internet yang banyak digunakan di WWW. URL
menjelaskan tipe dokumen, nama komputer tempat dokumen disimpan, direktori/sub-
direktori dokumen dan nama dokumen
Contoh:

http://www.Indonesia.com/keren/bali.htm

URL Keterangan:
http:// = Protokol atau kode jenis layanan di Internet.
www.indonesia.com = Hostname atau nama domain untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi halaman web. Pada URL, nama domain dapat diganti dengan alamat IP. Misalnya, http://55.100.100/
/keren = Direktori atau lokasi penyimpanan file
/bali.htm = Nama dokumen dan jenis file

2. Fungsi HTML HTML adalah suatu bahasa yang menggunakan tanda-tanda tertentu (tag) untuk menyatakan kode-kode yang harus ditafsirkan oleh browser agar halaman tersebut dapat ditampilkan secara benar.
secara umum, fungsi HTML adalah untuk mengelola serangkaian data dan informasi sehingga suatu dokumen dapat diakses dan ditampilkan di Internet melalui layanan web.
Fungsi HTML yang lebih spesifik yaitu :

a. Membuat halaman web.
b. Menampilkan berbagai informasi di dalam sebuah browser Internet.
c. Membuat link menuju halaman web lain dengan kode tertentu (hypertext).

3. TIPE-TIPE KONEKSI INTERNET OnLine atau Dial
Yaitu account online melalui ISP atau sering disebut sebagai shell account. Penggunaan account lebih terbatas dan diutamakan pada biaya yang rendah. Online account biasanya disediakan dari beberapa instansi, yaitu Internet Provider, Online Service yang bersifat komersial, universitas, pemerintah, atau organisasi non-profit.

Koneksi SLIP/PPP
Untuk transfer data yang lebih cepat sehingga kamu dapat menjalankan program yang ada di Internet. Kamu tidak perlu mengirim data per karakter melalui modem.

Jalur yang Disewakan atau Leased Line
Untuk memakai line atau jalur yang disewakan, perlu memakai TCP/IP pada suatu LAN. Untuk membuat jalur yang dapat disewakan, selain kompleks juga diperlukan waktu lama. Biasanya, perusahaan menggunakan line ini untuk dijual kembali ke perusahaan menengah atau kecil.

Internet Kabel
Merupakan sistem yang terhubung ke Internet melalui kabel yang digunakan untuk TV (TV cable).

Koneksi Satelit
Yaitu menggunakan fasilitas satelit untuk menerima layanan Internet.

Intregated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Yaitu menggunakan saluran telepon yang menggunakan sirkuit khusus dengan kecepatan transfer yang lebih cepat dibandingkan saluran telepon biasa.

Wireless Connections
Yaitu akses Internet tanpa kabel yang biasanya digunakan untuk pager, telepon selular, dan PDA.

Web TV
Menyediakan layanan web dan e-mail dengan menggunakan perangkat televise.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
Digunakan pada telepon genggam untuk transfer data melalui gelombang radio.

4. Jenis Informasi yang didapat dari internet ada banyak sekali informasi yang bisa kita dapat dari internet. informasi itu bisa berupa :
Artikel
Gambar
Jurnal
Berita
Music
Video
Ensiklopedi/Ilmu pengetahuan
Games
Map / peta
Lowongan Pekerjaan
dsb….

5. Situs-situs interaktif tentang edukasi

1. www.edukasiindonesia.com
merupakan suatu situs berisi informasi mengenai pendidikan.
2. answers.yahoo.com
dalam situs ini, kita bisa berdiskusi mengenai sesama anggota yahoo answers
untuk memecahkan masalah yang mungkin ada di skul….^^

3. Eurekalert Kids

http://www.eurekalert.org/kidsnews/page.php?page=kidslinks

Situs ini memiliki banyak sekali koleksi link yang terbagi menjadi grup-grup
umur tertentu, link-linktersebut mengarah pada perangkat belajar menyenangkan
tentang pengetahuan dan subyek menarik lainnya.

4. SLTA.net
Sarana untuk ajang kreasi siswa/siswi sekolah menengah atas

http://www.slta.net

5. Wikipedia Indonesia
Ensiklopedia bebas yang berbahasa Indonesia

http://id.wikipedia.org/

6. ColotMathPink.com
Pembelajaran tentang matematika dalam bahasa Inggris secara menyenangkan

http://colormathpink.com/

7. e-dukasi.com
situs yang membahas mengenai pelajaran dari tingkat SD hingga SMA

8. www.Nationalgeographic.com
situs mengenai pengetahuan umum

While the Second Kazekage of Sunagakure was the first to research the jinchūriki, with the other villages following soon after, the first Jinchuuriki was the Sage of Six Paths who sealed the Ten-Tailed Beast inside him to save the world, but later divided the Ten-Tails into nine separate beasts and sealed the Ten-Tails body and spirit into the Moon. Each village has used a different seal when creating their jinchūriki, resulting in different levels of access to the beast’s chakra. For example, Konohagakure used the Dead Demon Consuming Seal, while Akatsuki, an organization whose role in the series is to capture the jinchūriki, uses the Illusionary Dragon Nine Consuming Seals to extract the tailed beasts, and seal it away for future use. They have so far captured seven of the tailed beasts, the first through the seventh.

In the case of Sora, an anime-only character, he only had a tailed beast’s chakra sealed within him, not an actual beast. This made him a “pseudo-jinchūriki“. Even though he was granted similar advantages to a real jinchūriki, his were vastly inferior.

Personality

Jinchūriki are typically lonely people, viewed by those around them as the beast that has been sealed within them, leading to prejudice and being hated and feared. According to Akatsuki, the first two jinchūriki they captured loathed humanity, and their villages were in fact glad to be rid of them. However, certain villages treat their jinchūriki with respect, thus leading them to have different personalities than those who are shunned. Such examples are Yugito and Killer Bee.

As the jinchūriki draws on more of their beast’s power, their personality tends to corrode into animalistic instincts. Because their survival depends on the safety of their hosts, the tailed beasts are very protective, and will act whenever their hosts’ life are in danger.

Abilities

Jinchūriki have access to a unique fighting style, depending on their tailed beast: Gaara controls sand, Naruto has high stamina, Yugito controls fire, and Rōshi controls lava. By training, they can gain additional access to their tailed beast and its chakra, such as Killer Bee being able to synchronize with his beast, and transform himself into it. Not all jinchūriki can retain control when transforming into their tailed beast; when Naruto taps into his four-tailed transformation, he loses the ability to discern between friend and foe, and attacks anything in sight. A tailed beast can also provide its host with constant advantages, such as Gaara’s self-activating Shield of Sand which automatically protects him, even from self-injury and Naruto’s healing factor that immediately activates as soon as he incurs wounds.

Known Jinchūriki

Gaara

• Beast: One-Tailed Shukaku
• Affiliation: Sunagakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; later resurrected

Yugito Nii

• Beast: Two-Tailed Monster Cat
• Affiliation: Kumogakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; deceased

Yagura

• Beast: Three-Tailed Giant Turtle
• Affiliation: Kirigakure
• Status: Extracted under unknown circumstances; deceased

Rōshi

• Beast: Four-Tailed Monkey
• Affiliation: Iwagakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; deceased

Han

• Beast: Five-Tailed Dolphin Horse
• Affiliation: Iwagakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; deceased

Utakata

• Beast: Six-Tailed Slug
• Affiliation: Kirigakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; deceased

Fū

• Beast: Seven-Tailed Horned Beetle
• Affiliation: Takigakure
• Status: Captured and extracted by Akatsuki; deceased

Killer Bee

• Beast: Eight-Tailed Giant Ox
• Affiliation: Kumogakure
• Status: Active

Naruto Uzumaki

• Beast: Nine-Tailed Demon Fox
• Affiliation: Konohagakure
• Status: Active

Sage of the Six Paths

• Beast: Ten-Tailed Beast
• Affiliation: None
• Status: Separated into the Nine Tailed Beasts; deceased

Sora (Pseudo-Jinchūriki; Anime only)

• Beast: Nine-Tailed Demon Fox’s chakra
• Affiliation: Land of Fire
• Status: Inactive; chakra absorbed by Naruto Uzumaki

Trivia

• Four of the known jinchūriki (Naruto, Gaara, Killer Bee, and Yagura) each have some relation to a Kage; Naruto is the son of the Fourth Hokage, Gaara is the son of the Fourth Kazekage and is the Fifth Kazekage, Killer Bee is the brother of the current Raikage, and Yagura was the Fourth Mizukage.
• Gaara is the only jinchūriki known to have lost their tailed beast and lived. Although he did die during the extraction, he was revived shortly after by Chiyo.
• Takigakure is the only village, not belonging to one of the Five Great Shinobi Countries, known to have had a jinchūriki.
• Naruto Uzumaki and Yugito Nii are the only two jinchūriki to have known surnames.
• Only two of the jinchūriki are said to have full control of their tailed beasts: Yagura and Killer Bee.^[1]
• Yugito and Fū are the only known female jinchūriki.
• In second Shippūden movie, a girl named Amaru was possessed by the Zero-Tailed Masked Leech for several years before the the film. However, just as the Zero-Tails wasn’t referred to as a tailed beast in the film, Amaru wasn’t referred to as a jinchūriki, though her relationship with the Zero-Tails remains unclear.

bebas itu memang sangat dibutuhkan oleh orang lain bahkan diri kita sendiri. memang siapa yang tidak membutuhkan kebebasan? siapa yang ingin dirinya di kekang? saya yakin tidak ada yang mau di perlakukan seperti itu. tapi banyak orang yang malah menyalah gunakan kebebasan yang didapatkan untuk mengganggu kebebasan orang lain.

Mungkin yang kita sering lihat belakangan ini adalah penyalah gunaan kebebasan untuk beragama. kita sering melihat bahwa ada banyak sebagian dari masyarakat yang mengatasnamakan dirinya sebagai agama tertentu membatasi masyarakat lain dalam menjalankan ibadahnya.

selain melanggar hak kebebeasan beragama pula, kita juga sering melihat banyak masyarakat yang kita sebut juga dengan “terlalu bebas” sehingga seenaknya menggangu kebebesan orang lain. dan yang lebih gila lagi sebagian dari aparat penehak hukum juga ada yang terlibat dalam “terlalu bebas”.ini,seperti polisi yang sedang giat-giatnya “berantem” dengan TNI. kalau sama-sama aparat yang melindungi masyarakat ikut “rusak” juga.akan jadi apakah bangsa ini.yang sudah hanciur akan semakin hancur.

Jadi, apa yang akan kita lakukan? melihat bangsa kita semakin tertelan oleh orang yang sangat bebas?

“ Tidak ada yang dapat memaksa saya menjadi bahagia dengan caranya (seperti ia membayangkan kebahagiaan itu bagi orang lain). Setiap orang boleh mencari kebahagiaannya dengan jalannya sendiri. Jalan yang akan membantunya hanya jika ia tidak menginjak kebebasan orang lain (artinya hak orang lain). Yaitu kebebasan untuk mendapatkan tujuan yang sama, kebebasan yang dapat tumbuh bersama dengan kebebasan setiap orang berdasarkan  suatu hukum umum.”

Immanuel Kant (1794)

Divisi-divisi Shinigami

Divisi ke-1

• Kapten: Shigekuni Yamamoto-Genryuusai (山本元柳斎 重國, Yamamoto-Genryūsai Shigekuni^?) (Jenderal)
• Wakil: Choujirou Sasakibe (雀部 長次郎, Sasakibe Chōjirō^?)

Divisi ke-2

• Kapten: Soifon (砕蜂) (Komandan pasukan khusus dan eksekutif milisi)
• Wakil: Marechiyo Oumaeda (大前田 希千代, Ōmaeda Marechiyo^?)

Divisi ke-3

• Mantan kapten: Gin Ichimaru (市丸 ギン, Ichimaru Gin^?)
• Wakil: Izuru Kira (吉良 イヅル, Kira Izuru^?)

Divisi ke-4

• Kapten: Retsu Unohana (卯ノ花 烈, Unohana Retsu^?)
• Wakil: Isane Kotetsu (虎徹 勇音, Kotetsu Isane^?)
• Kursi ke-3: Yasochika Iemura (伊江村 八十千和, Iemura Yasochika^?) (Pemimpin skuadron 1)
• Kursi ke-7: Hanatarou Yamada (山田 花太郎, Yamada Hanatarō^?) (Pemimpin skuadron 14, lahir tanggal 1 April)
• Kursi ke-8: Harunobu Ogidou (荻堂 春信, Ogidō Harunobu^?) (Pemimpin ke-2 skuadron 1, lahir tanggal 14 April)

Divisi ke-5

• Mantan kapten: Sousuke Aizen (藍染 惣右介, Aizen Sōsuke^?)
• Wakil: Momo Hinamori (雛森 桃, Hinamori Momo^?)

Divisi ke-6

• Kapten: Byakuya Kuchiki (朽木 白哉, Kuchiki Byakuya^?)
• Wakil: Renji Abarai (阿散井 恋次, Abarai Renji^?)
• Kursi ke-9: Mihane Shirogane (銀　美羽, Shirogane Mihane^?)
• Rikichi (理吉, Rikichi^?)

Divisi ke-7

• Kapten: Sajin Komamura (狛村 左陣, Komamura Sajin^?)
• Wakil: Tetsuzaemon Iba (射場 鉄左衛門, Iba Tetsuzaemon^?)
• Mantan kursi ke-4: Jirōbō Ikkanzaka (一貫坂 慈楼坊, Ikkanzaka Jirōbō^?)

Divisi ke-8

• Kapten: Shunsui Kyōraku (京楽 春水, Kyōraku Shunsui^?)
• Wakil: Nanao Ise (伊勢 七緒, Ise Nanao^?)
• Kursi ke-3: Tatsufusa Enjōji (円乗寺 辰房, Enjōji Tatsufusa^?)

Divisi ke-9

• Mantan Kapten: Kaname Tousen (東仙 要, Tōsen Kaname^?)
• Wakil: Shūhei Hisagi (檜佐木 修兵, Hisagi Shūhei^?)
• Kursi ke-20: Toshimori Umesada (梅定 敏盛, Umesada Toshimori^?)

Divisi ke-10

• Kapten: Hitsugaya Toushirou (日番谷 冬獅郎, Toushirou Hitsugaya^?)
• Wakil: Rangiku Matsumoto (松本 乱菊, Matsumoto Rangiku^?)
• Kursi ke-7: Koukichirou Takezoe (竹添 幸吉郎, Takezoe Kōkichirō^?)

Divisi ke-11

• Kapten: Kenpachi Zaraki (更木 剣八, Zaraki Kenpachi^?)
• Wakil: Yachiru Kusajishi (草鹿 八千流, Kusajishi Yachiru^?)
• Kursi ke-3: Ikkaku Madarame (斑目 一角, Madarame Ikkaku^?)
• Kursi ke-5: Yumichika Ayasegawa (綾瀬川 弓親, Ayasegawa Yumichika^?)
• Makizou Aramaki (荒巻 真木造, Aramaki Makizō^?)
• Maki Ichinose (一之瀬 真樹, Ichinose Maki^?) [sudah meninggal]

Divisi ke-12

• Kapten: Mayuri Kurotsuchi (涅 マユリ, Kurotsuchi Mayuri^?) (Pemimpin bagian riset, menggantikan Kisuke Urahara)
• Mantan Kapten: Kisuke Urahara (浦原 喜助, Urahara Kisuke^?)
• Wakil: Nemu Kurotsuchi (涅 ネム, Kurotsuchi Nemu^?)
• Hiyosu (鵯州, Hiyosu^?)
• Akon (阿近, Akon^?)
• Rin Tsubokura (壷府 リン, Tsubokura Rin^?)

Divisi ke-13

• Kapten: Jushiro Ukitake (浮竹 十四郎, Ukitake Jūshirō^?)
• Mantan wakil: Kaien Shiba (志波 海燕, Shiba Kaien^?) [sudah meninggal]
• Mantan kursi ke-3: Miyako Shiba [sudah meninggal]
• Kursi ke-3, nomor 1 dan 2: Kiyone Kotetsu (虎徹 清音, Kotetsu Kiyone^?) dan Sentarō Kotsubaki (小椿 仙太郎, Kotsubaki Sentarou^?)
• Rukia Kuchiki (朽木 ルキア, Kuchiki Rukia^?)

[sunting] Penjaga-penjaga Gerbang

• Jidanbou (兕丹坊, Jidanbou^?) (Gerbang Barat – Hakutōmon)
• Kaiwan (嵬蜿, Kaiwan^?) (Gerbang Timur – Shōryūmon)
• Danzoumaru (斷蔵丸, Danzoumaru^?) (Gerbang Utara – Kokuryōmon)
• Bikonyuudou (比鉅入道, Bikonyudou^?) (Gerbang Selatan – Shūwaimon)

[sunting] Penghuni-penghuni Soul Society Lainnya

• Kuukaku Shiba (志波 空鶴, Shiba Kūkaku^?)
• Ganju Shiba (志波 岩鷲, Shiba Ganju^?)
• Hisana Kuchiki (朽木 緋真, Kuchiki Hisana^?) [sudah meninggal]
• Zennosuke Kurumadani (車谷 善之介, Kurumadani Zennosuke^?)
• Eikichirou Saidou (西堂 榮吉郎, Saidō Eikichirō^?)
• Kanisawa (蟹沢) dan Aoga (青鹿)
• Rantao (蘭島)
• Baishin (梅針)
• Senna (茜雫, Senna^?)

2.Dampak pelanggaran hak cipta :

• Sang pencipta menjadi takut untuk membuat sesuatu
• Terciptanya hasil karya bajakan
• Tidak dapat menghargai suatu ciptaan  orang lain

3.Jenis-jenis pelanggaran hak cipta:

• pembajakan/penjualan CD
• mengkopi software ke harddisk
• pemakaian/pengopian melebihi dari yang ditentukan
• mengumumkan atau memperbanyak sesuatu yang bukan buatan sendiri
• penyewaan CD bajakan

4.Cara menanggulangi pelanggaran hak cipta:

• Tidak membeli benda bajakan
• Mematenkan hasil karya  buatan sendiri
• Memproteksi secara teknis hasil karya buatan sediri
• Dicitakannya sebuah hukuman/sanksi yang cukup berat bila membajak hasil karya orang lain

Filsuf Aristoteles, dalam bukunya Etika Nikomacheia, menjelas­kan tentang pembahasan Etika, sebagai berikut:

• Terminus Techicus, Pengertian etika dalam hal ini adalah, etika dipelajari untuk ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari masalah perbuatan atau tindakan manusia.
• Manner dan Custom, Membahas etika yang berkaitan dengan tata cara dan kebiasaan (adat) yang melekat dalam kodrat manusia  yang terikat dengan pengertian “baik dan buruk” suatu tingkah laku atau perbuatan manusia.

Dalam membahas Etika sebagai ilmu yang menyelidiki tentang tanggapan kesusilaan atau etis, yaitu sama halnya dengan berbicara moral . Manusia disebut etis, ialah manusia secara utuh dan menyeluruh mampu memenuhi hajat hidupnya dalam rangka asas keseimbangan antara kepentingan pribadi dengan pihak yang lainnya, antara rohani dengan jasmaninya, dan antara sebagai makhluk berdiri sendiri dengan penciptanya. Termasuk di dalamnya membahas nilai­-nilai atau norma-norma yang dikaitkan dengan etika, terdapat dua macam etika

Etika Deskriptif:

Etika yang menelaah secara kritis dan rasional tentang sikap dan perilaku manusia, serta apa yang dikejar oleh setiap orang dalam hidupnya sebagai sesuatu yang bernilai. Artinya Etika deskriptif tersebut berbicara mengenai fakta secara apa adanya, yakni mengenai nilai dan perilaku manusia sebagai suatu fakta yang terkait dengan situasi dan realitas yang membudaya. Da-pat disimpulkan bahwa tentang kenyataan dalam penghayatan nilai atau tanpa nilai dalam suatu masyarakat yang dikaitkan dengan kondisi tertentu memungkinkan manusia dapat bertin­dak secara etis.

Etika Normatif:

Etika yang menetapkan berbagai sikap dan perilaku yang ideal dan seharusnya dimiliki oleh manusia atau apa yang seharusnya dijalankan oleh manusia dan tindakan apa yang bernilai dalam hidup ini. Jadi Etika Normatif merupakan norma-norma yang da­pat menuntun agar manusia bertindak secara baik dan meng­hindarkan hal-hal yang buruk, sesuai dengan kaidah atau norma yang disepakati dan berlaku di masyarakat.

Dari berbagai pembahasan definisi tentang etika tersebut di atas dapat dibagikan menjadi tiga (3) jenis definisi, yaitu sebagai berikut:

• Jenis pertama, etika dipandang sebagai cabang filsafat yang khusus membicarakan tentang nilai baik dan buruk dari perilaku manusia.
• Jenis kedua, etika dipandang sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang membicarakan baik buruknya perilaku manusia dalam kehi­dupan bersama. Definisi tersebut tidak melihat kenyataan bahwa ada keragaman norma, karena adanya perbedaan waktu dan tempat, akhirnya etika menjadi ilmu yang deskriptif dan lebih bersifat sosiologik.
• Jenis ketiga, etika dipandang sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang bersifat normatif, dan evaluatif yang hanya memberikan nilai baik buruknya terhadap perilaku manusia. Dalam hal ini tidak perlu menunjukkan adanya fakta, cukup informasi, menganjurkan dan merefleksikan. Definisi etika ini lebih bersifat informatif, direktif dan reflektif.
  

Istilah yang lebih tepat adalah bushi (武士) (harafiah: “orang bersenjata”) yang digunakan semasa zaman Edo. Bagaimanapun, istilah samurai digunakan untuk prajurit elit dari kalangan bangsawan, dan bukan contohnya, ashigaru atau tentara berjalan kaki. Samurai yang tidak terikat dengan klan atau bekerja untuk majikan (daimyo) disebut ronin (harafiah: “orang ombak”). Samurai yang bertugas di wilayah han disebut hanshi.

Samurai dianggap mesti bersopan dan terpelajar, dan semasa Keshogunan Tokugawa berangsur-angsur kehilangan fungsi ketentaraan mereka. Pada akhir era Tokugawa, samurai secara umumnya adalah kakitangan umum bagi daimyo, dengan pedang mereka hanya untuk tujuan istiadat. Dengan reformasi Meiji pada akhir abad ke-19, samurai dihapuskan sebagai kelas berbeda dan digantikan dengan tentara nasional menyerupai negara Barat. Bagaimanapun juga, sifat samurai yang ketat yang dikenal sebagai bushido masih tetap ada dalam masyarakat Jepang masa kini, sebagaimana aspek cara hidup mereka yang lain.

Etimologi

Perkataan samurai berasal pada sebelum zaman Heian di Jepang di mana bila seseorang disebut sebagai saburai, itu berarti dia adalah seorang suruhan atau pengikut. Hanya pada awal zaman modern, khususnya pada era Azuchi-Momoyama dan awal periode/era Edo pada akhir abad ke-16 dan awal abad ke-17 perkataan saburai bertukar diganti dengan perkataan samurai. Bagaimanapun, pada masa itu, artinya telah lama berubah.

Pada era pemerintahan samurai, istilah awal yumitori (“pemanah”) juga digunakan sebagai gelar kehormat bagi sejumlah kecil panglima perang, walaupun pemain pedang telah menjadi lebih penting. Pemanah Jepang (kyujutsu), masih berkaitan erat dengan dewa perang Hachiman.

Berikut adalah beberapa istilah lain samurai.

• Buke (武家) – Ahli bela diri
• Kabukimono – Perkataan dari kabuku atau condong, ia merujuk kepada gaya samurai berwarna-warni.
• Mononofu (もののふ) – Istilah silam yang berarti panglima.
• Musha (武者) – Bentuk ringkasan Bugeisha (武芸者), harafiah. pakar bela diri.
• Si (士) – Huruf kanji pengganti samurai.
• Tsuwamono (兵) – Istilah silam bagi tentara yang ditonjolkan oleh Matsuo Basho dalam haiku terkemukanya. Arti harafiahnya adalah orang kuat.

Senjata

Samurai mengunakan beberapa macam jenis senjata, tetapi katana adalah senjata yang identik dengan keberadaan mereka, Dalam Bushido diajarkan bahwa katana adalah roh dari samurai dan kadang-kadang digambarkan bahwa seorang samurai sangat tergantung pada katana dalam pertempuran. Mereka percaya bahwa katana sangat penting dalam memberi kehormatan dan bagian dalam kehidupan. Sebutan untuk katana tidak dikenal sampai massa Kamakura (1185–1333), sebelum masa itu pedang Jepang lebih dikenal sebagai tachi dan uchigatana, Dan katana sendiri bukan menjadi senjata utama sampai massa Edo.

Apabila seorang anak mancapai usia tiga belas tahun, ada upacara yang dikenali sebagai Genpuku. Anak laki-laki yang menjalani genpuku mendapat sebuah wakizashi dan nama dewasa untuk menjadi samurai secara resmi. Ini dapat diartikan dia diberi hak untuk mengenal katana walaupun biasanya diikat dengan benang untuk menghindari katana terhunus dengan tidak sengaja. Pasangan katana dan wakizashi dikenali sebagai Daisho, yang berarti besar dan kecil.

Senjata samurai yang lain adalah yumi atau busar komposit dan dipakai selama beberapa abad sampai masa masuknyah senapan pada abad ke-16. Busur komposit model Jepang adalah senjata yang bagus. Bentuknya memungkinkan untuk digunakan berbagai jenis anak panah, seperti panah berapi dan panah isyarat yang dapat menjangkau sasaran pada jarak lebih dari 100 meter, bahkan bisa lebih dari 200 meter bila ketepatan tidak lagi diperhitungkan, Senjata ini biasanya digunakan dengan cara berdiri dibelakang Tedate (手盾) yaitu perisai kayu yang besar, tetapi bisa juga digunakan dengan menunggang kuda. Latihan memanah di belakang kuda menjadi adat istiadat Shinto, Yabusame (流鏑馬). Dalam pertempuran melawan penjajah Mongol, busur komposit menjadi senjata penentu kemenangan, Pasukan Mongol dan Cina pada waktu itu memakai {busur komposit]] dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil, apalagi dengan keterbatasannya dalam pemakaian pasukan berkuda.

Logo resmi pertandingan, berjudul “Beijing Menari”, dibentuk berdasarkan karakter kaligrafi “jing”, merujuk kepada kota tuan rumah Beijing. Maskot Beijing 2008 adalah lima Fuwa (Hanzi: 福娃; Pinyin: Fúwá; secara harafiah bermakna “boneka-boneka keberuntungan”), masing-masing menggambarkan satu warna pada cincin Olimpiade. Moto Olimpiade 2008 adalah “Satu Dunia, Satu Impian”. Olimpiade Beijing akan terdiri atas 302 pertandingan dari 28 cabang olahraga, hanya satu pertandingan lebih banyak daripada Olimpiade Athena 2004.

Beijing terpilih sebagai kota tuan rumah pada 13 Juli 2001, pada Sidang IOC ke-112 di Moskwa, mengalahkan Toronto, Paris, Istanbul dan Osaka. Menjelang sidang, lima kota lain juga mengajukan penawaran kepada IOC tetapi gagal dalam membuat shortlist (dalam kasus ini, gagal dipilih atau memenuhi kuota dari seluruh peserta Sidang IOC yang hadir) pada tahun 2000 (Bangkok, Kairo, Havana, Kuala Lumpur dan Sevilla). Setelah putaran pertama pemilihan suara, Beijing memiliki suara yang signifikan dibandingkan empat calon lainnya.

Proses pemilihan tuan rumah

Hasil Perhitungan Suara Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008
Kota	Putaran 1	Putaran 2
Beijing	44	56
Toronto	20	22
Paris	15	18
Istanbul	17	9
Osaka	6	—

Setelah memenangkan pencalonan, Li Lanqing, wakil perdana menteri RRC, mendeklarasikan “Kemenangan pencalonan Olimpiade 2008 adalah sebuah contoh pengakuan internasional atas kestabilan sosial, progres ekonomi dan sehatnya hidup rakyat Cina. Beijing sebelumnya mengajukan penawaran untuk menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade Musim Panas 2000 tetapi dikalahkan Sydney pada tahun 1993 pada penawaran final.

Daftar olahraga

Daftar cabang olahraga yang dipertandingkan di Olimpiade Beijing 2008 beserta jumlah pertandingan untuk setiap cabang olahraga (diindikasikan di dalam kurung).

Jadi kesempatan juga uat kita2 yang lagi boring di rumah untuk mengikuti loba yang ada,lumayan kan hadiahnya. nah selamat ulang tahun ya yang ke-63(klo gak salah). buat bangsa kita, dan juga selamat ulang tahun juga bagi para pahlawan yang telah membuat bangsa kita ini.